Citation information

First and last names:

When quoting for the first time: First name Last name, [italics]

Example: Eckart Klein, ...

In case of repeated citation: Surname [italics] (cross-reference)

Example: Klein (fn. 1).

Several authors/editors:

First name Last name Author 1/First name Last name Author 2

Example: Eckart Klein/Norman Weiß

If more than three authors/editors:
First name Last name Author 1/Editor 1 et al.

Example: Eckart Klein et al.

Indication of institutions as author or editors (if there is no author):

Institution, [recte]

Example: Council of Europe, ...

Subsequent references:

Refer to sources previously cited sources after the name in parentheses.

For the number in parentheses, be sure to use Word's cross-reference feature.

This will automatically update the numbering as other footnotes are added or deleted.

In the ribbon menu: Insert -> Links -> Cross-reference -> in the dialogue window, set the reference type to "Footnote" -> right-click on the respective footnote -> Insert

Detailed instructions can be found here: https://www.heise.de/tipps-tricks/Querverweis-in-Word-einfuegen-so-geht-s-4356124.html

Example:

Klein (fn. 1), p. 5.

With identical reference: Ibid.

Books:

First reference:

First name Last name [italics], title, edition if applicable, year, p.

Example:

Eckart Klein, Human Rights. Silent Revolution of International Law and Effects on the Domestic Application of Law, 1996, p. 5.

Journal articles:

First name Last name Author [italics], Title, in: Name of the journal Year of publication [or: Volume (year of publication)], p. Starting page-End page (exact reference)

 

Example 1:

Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im, Religious Minorities under Islamic Law and the Limits of Cultural Relativism, in: Human Rights Quarterly 9 (1987), pp. 1-18 (11).

Andreas Zimmermann/Alina-Camille Berdefy, Internationale Gerichtsbarkeit im Kontext des Krieges gegen die Ukraine, in: EuGRZ 2023, pp. 40-48 (47).

Norman Weiß/Theresa Anna Lanzl, Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Mitgliedschaft Russlands im Europarat, in: ZaöRV 82 (2022), pp. 801-829 (814).

If quoted again:

An-Na’im (fn. 23), p. 17.

Zimmermann/Berdefy (fn. 5), p. 45.

Weiß/Lanzl (fn. 4), p. 820.

Commentaries:

Example:

Werner Heun, in: Horst Dreier (ed.), Grundgesetz – Kommentar, Vol. I, 1996, Art. 3 para. 8 ff.

Andreas Zimmermann/Karin Oellers-Frahm, in: Andreas Zimmermann/Christian Tams/Karin Oellers-Frahm/Christian Tomuschat (ed.), The Statute of the International Court of Justice, A Commentary, 3rd. edn., 2019, Art. 41 para. 93 ff.

If quoted again:

Heun (fn. 3), Art. 3 para. 10 f.

Zimmermann/Oellers-Frahm (fn. 10), Art. 41 para. 90.

Blog posts:

First name Last name Author [italics], post title, blog name Publication date, introduced with "of", available at: hyperlink (last visited xx month xxxx).

Examples:

Andreas Zimmermann, "To Appear or not to Appear this was the Question"- The Saga of Kenya's Non-Appearance in the Kenya - Somalia Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean Case, EJIL:Talk! of 29 March 2021, available at: https://www.ejiltalk.org/to-appear-or-not-to-appear-this-was-the-question-the-saga-of-kenyas-non-appearance-in-the-kenya-somalia-maritime-delimitation-in-the-indian-ocean-case/ (last visited 25 April 2021).

Isabella Risini/Geir Ulfstein/Andreas Zimmermann, Of Foxes Guarding Chickens, and Their Fellow Foxes, Völkerrechtsblog of 30 April 2021, available at: https://voelkerrechtsblog.org/de/of-foxes-guarding-chickens-and-their-fellow-foxes/ (last visited 25 Mai 2021).

If quoted again:

Zimmermann (fn. 14).

Risini/Ulfstein/Zimmermann (fn. 17).

Court decisions:

Example:

HRC, Kindler .v. Canada (470/1991), Opinion of 30 July 1993, UN Doc. CCPR/C/48/D/470/1991, para. 8.4.

ECtHR, Vavřička and Others v. Czech Republic (47621/13), judgment of 8 April 2021, para. 23.

ECJ, judgment of 11 July 1974, Case 8/74, para. 5 (Dassonville).

At the BVerfG, if possible, cite the official collection:

BVerfGE ...;

If not (yet) published in the official collection:

BVerfG, Order of 10 February 2022 - 1 BvR 2649/21, para. 23.

If quoted again:

HRC, Kindler .v. Canada (fn. 12), para. 7.3.

ECtHR, Vavřička and Others v. Czech Republic (fn. 14), para. 10.

ECJ, Dassonville (fn. 15), para. 7.

UN documents:

In the case of UN documents, if the title is not important, only the document number is cited, without the year or date of publication at the end. If the document consists of several volumes or parts (volume/part), only the Roman numeral is added without any further designation.

Example:

UN Doc. A/52/40 II, para. 12.

UN Doc. A/52/40 II, Annex VI.T.

UN Doc. A/RES/60/251.

UN Doc. A/RES/77/229, para. 7 lit. a.

Other international documents:

nstitution, title, type of document, document number, date of document, preceded by "of", publication reference

Example:

Parliamentary Assembly, The war between Georgia and Russia, Report Doc. 11724 of 1 October 2008, para. 62.

Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Explanatory Report to the Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 4 November 2000, para. 23.

ECtHR, New inter-State application brought by Ukraine against Russia, Press Release Doc. ECHR 069 (2021) of 23 February 2021.

If quoted again:

Parliamentary Assembly, The war between Georgia and Russia (fn. 21), para. 65.

Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Explanatory Report to the Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (fn. 27), para. 23.

ECtHR, New inter-State application brought by Ukraine against Russia (fn. 31).

Internet references:

Cite only if no print publication is available.

Title, available at: Hyperlink (last visited XX month XXXX).

Example:
MenschenRechtsZentrum website, available at: https://www.uni-potsdam.de/de/mrz/ (last visited 31 July 2023).

Treaty Office of the Council of Europe website, available at: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list (last visited 31 July 2023).

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